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Start Over Collector Audrey Smedley
Image Missing: Hearst Museum object titled Open reel audiotape, accession number 24-164, described as Side A: Birom Music; Songs: (1) This song tells of ancestors and their deeds. Instruments: drum and voice. (2) A song for threshing acha. (3) Planting acha song. A ceremonial song for the ceremonial planting of the first acha. (4) Another acha threshing song. These songs are a medium of gossip and ridicule; a measure of social control. (5) Ancient song about a chit (spirit). Instruments: a dried cactus with notches cut into it and rubbed with a stick. Also used is the yom shit (a zither). (6) Song of a ceremony no longer performed, associated with the fertility of women and land and marriage. Side B: Igigwe music; The instruments are drums of various sizes, rattles of seeds in grass woven pods which are tied to the dancers legs, and one-note fifes, which give an organ-like sound because the players of one orchestra have fifes of different pitches.
Image Missing: Hearst Museum object titled Open reel audiotape, accession number 24-161, described as Tape. Biron Music. Side A: Instrumental music played on a “kundung” or “yom kwo” (a xylophone played by two men). Selection: Music is the type that can be heard in local pagan bars. The words and phrases are spontaneous improvisations and have no logical connection with one another. Side B: Birom Music, “yom kwo music”, “mandyang” ceremony. For specific details see the accesion envelope for Leonard Plotnicov’s notes.

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